Citrate: This anticoagulant is also normally found on blue Vacutainer tubes.EDTA - one of the most commonly used types it can be normally found on purple caps on Vacutainer brand test tubes.If there was no anticoagulant on them, they would get clogged up and become non-operational.īeside heparin, most commonly used anticoagulants are: Our blood is normally filled with anticoagulants but – are there any outside of the body? Although we don’t think about it, all laboratory instruments, test tubes, blood transfusion bags, and medical and surgical equipment is covered with anticoagulants. Vitamin K is an essential factor to a hepatic gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, an especially important liver enzyme which adds a carboxyl group to residues on factors II, VII, IX and X, as well as Protein S, Protein C and Protein Z. Not only that – calcium is also required at other points in the coagulation cascade. They are usually called cofactors, and the most important are Vitamin K, Calcium and phospholipid!Ĭalcium and phospholipids are required for several complexes to function, especially tenase and prothrombinase. Various different substances are required for the proper functioning of the coagulation cascade.
It was denied approval by the FDA in September 2004. It has been proven that it can cause severe liver damage and heart attacks. There was a minor affair with one medication from this group – an oral direct thrombin inhibitor called Ximelagatran (Exanta®). Some of the most commonly used medications from this group are Argatroban, Lepirudin, and Bivalirudin. The most important oral anticoagulants are: Warfarin (Coumadin® ), Acenocoumarol, Phenprocoumon, and Phenindione. The most common complication is of course unstoppable bleeding, especially in patients aged 80 or more. Most common indications for this type of anticoagulants are deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, and mechanical prosthetic heart valves such as stents and different dilatators! In these cases, it’s best to use heparin.
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They take 48-72 hours to develop to full effect, which is why they shouldn’t be used when immediate effect is required. There are several forms of Heparin and the most commonly used is called low molecular weight heparin.Īlso called the common oral anticoagulants, these represent a form of anticoagulants which act by blocking the effects of vitamin K (which promotes coagulation). Heparin can be administrated by injection or in vitro to prevent blood or plasma clotting in or on medical devices. The mechanism of function is rather simple it activates antithrombin III, a substance in our body that blocks thrombin from clotting blood. Although there are many forms of production, it is usually made from pig intestines. Unlike some other coagulants, Heparin is a biological substance. Heparin is frequently used in order to prevent life-threatening clotting in many patients, especially those which have had stent implants on their heart. There are several different types of anticoagulants, and some of the commonly used are:
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